Recently, a functional, negatively inotropic, beta(3)-adrenoceptor was characterized in the human heart. Several studies now suggest that this receptor might play an important role in the pathophysiology of heart failure, by counterbalancing the effects of a beta(1)- and beta(2)-stimulation. Therefore, this review summarizes the rationale and effects of beta-adrenergic blockade in chronic heart failure and specifically addresses the question of the potential use of beta(3)-adrenoceptor antagonists in the treatment of heart failure and other pathophysiological conditions associated with a decreased cardiac contractility.
Moniotte, S., & Balligand, J.-L. (2002). Potential use of beta(3)-adrenoceptor antagonists in heart failure therapy. Cardiovascular Drug Reviews, 20(1), 19-26. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-3466.2002.tb00079.x (Original work published 2002)