Proprioceptive disturbances had the most significant effect in increasing repositioning-error among healthy subjects. The between-group analysis confirmed evidence consistent with the literature of greater repositioning-error in people with NS-CLBP than healthy subjects.
Hidalgo, B., Gobert, F., Bragard, D., & Detrembleur, C. (2013). Effects of proprioceptive disruption on lumbar spine repositioning error in a trunk forward bending task. Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, 26(4), 381-387. https://doi.org/10.3233/BMR-130396 (Original work published 2013)