In Ar-36 + Al-27 reactions at bombarding energies E/A from 55 to 95 MeV, the mass and excitation energy of the quasi-projectile have been reconstructed at all impact parameters. Up to excitation energies E*/A of similar to 5-6 MeV, the mean kinetic energies of Z = 1 to Z = 9 fragments are in agreement with values predicted by sequential statistical decay, Above, a collective expansion energy is needed that grows with E*/A, reaching 1 to 2.2 MeV/u, depending on the de-excitation process, at E*/A similar to 10 MeV. It decreases with the fragment charge, The dominant role of excitation energy supports the scenario of thermal expansion.
Jeong, SC., El Masri, Y., & et al. (1996). Onset of collective expansion in nucleus-nucleus collisions below 100MeV/u. Nuclear Physics, Section A, 604(2), 208-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(96)00115-7 (Original work published 1996)