he last four decades have seen a proliferation of new indicators aiming to challenge GDP. But do they really produce new outcomes? By observing the rankings they produce (compared to those produced by GDP), the potential of 6 Beyond GDP indicators for indicating a way towards a better society has been examined. The conclusion is reached that rankings from indicators supported by powerful stakeholders are highly correlated with rankings according to GDP, demonstrating a low transformative potential.
Malay, O. (2017). Beyond GDP indicators: A tension between powerful stakeholders and transformative potential? (IRES Discussion Papers 2017018). https://hdl.handle.net/2078.5/177163