Aires protégées, espaces disputés et développement au Nord-est de la R D Congo
(2011)
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- Authors
- Supervisors
- Lapeyre, Frédéric
- Abstract
- (en) By questioning the facts experienced locally, the violence around protected areas in the region of Butembo, the purpose is available quickly in a constantly renewed global issue: the Fear of depletion of natural resources. Today, at least more than ever, the question is necessary and in the debates: Everyone aspires to a better life, but what planet? More than the scarcity of resources, perception, representation which is chaired shortages behaviors adopted. In the center, even the instinct to try to ensure the perpetuation of its species, the question is generally "the conservation of nature would it be novelty in the struggle for survival? " Humanity is looking for his path of sustainability, can be found on its path of life of irreversibility, and they result from bifurcations encountered, not the facts of determinism. On this journey, the conservation of nature has gone through several stages. There were first integrated policies of exploitation and keep the 17th and 18th century, and exclusive policies of intervention and imposition of protected areas that have prevailed in the 19th and 20th century and the current attempts at reconciliation, development conservation. In an effort to understand the local facts, joints between hard keeping systems and social systems in the face, this work exploits the conflicts that arise naturally from the setting facing the two logics: that of operating a survival immediate versus that of conservation for survival of future generations. That is the problem posed by the concept of sustainable development to existing policies. By scanning deployments over time of conservation systems in the region of investigation and redeployment of existing social systems in the field of conservation in this region, the work establishes the boundaries of existing conservation systems. It is the modern side by techno-management of nature or the traditional side by its symbolism and its approach using rituals or cultural. As a result, these limitations become reciprocal opportunities to seize, a potential capital to reconcile points of view. By showing that none of the two systems can no longer rely on either some or a superiority operative efficient real legitimacy, the door is open to finding solutions. The originality in this case would be to find ways to "live together" of two models that take into account the complexity and interconnectedness of environmental phenomena as well as those that govern social systems. In this context, the work explores the potential as natural or physical, socio-cultural (with a bag or a historical trajectory) and structural or institutional specific local context. Are then highlighted: - the great variability in the physical conformation of the environment, causing its spectacular wealth in terms of biodiversity (now certified and recognized landscapes Maiko-Tayna Virunga and Kahuzi-Biega), - the enormous wealth formed local cultural traditional symbolic representations that underlie the relationship between man and nature in the region and finally - the strong human capacity to establish and maintain relationships across borders or even inter-state armed conflicts that occurred in the Great Lakes region of Central Africa in recent decades. In short, the region of Butembo this predisposition in favor of physical and social integration-Conservation Development. The proposed scheme performs a double integration of conservation: - Horizontal integration, or below, proposes to set up conservation areas around the symbols of tradition (especially in masingiro and mahero in Butembo region), which are already met. The aim is not only the acceptance of protected areas but also the appropriation of conservation by local communities. The effect would be to consider the conservation beyond the rigid boundaries of protected areas and stop with the nose up positions on disputed land, currently played, which crystallize the relationship between the formal structures of conservation and the people immersed in the endless conflicts of wear. Incorporating symbols of mahero and masingiro with their respective regulatory systems, conservation and the associate Vakama that are simultaneously their protectors, those in power and land the legitimate representatives of local people. They are those who embody, in this way, the traditional moral and spiritual authority, forming the gateway to the conservation among local communities. - Vertical integration, or top, plans to combine the existing AP to form functional landscape of large more robust in terms of synergy of actions. This is to review the conservation beyond its former executives. Whether cross-border areas or even within the country, the need is to prove the (pre) measures favorable to the synergy of actions from the group consisting of protected areas affiliates. In adopting these reforms for conservation, it is then necessary to choose the concepts of "Green Networking" and "institutional networks management of protected areas." In this case the region of Butembo, the two networks are identified: the landscape Maiko-Tayna-Kahuzi-Biega (located entirely within the national territory) and the Greater Virunga Landscape (composed of cross-border areas between the DR Congo, Rwanda and Uganda). All combine to surpass the rigid boundaries of the old AP, the models set by top-down or bottom-up area where the animals were significantly isolated from the human field. Thus, in the new design here supported, protected areas and areas not in operation form one single community; the "integrated spaces" in order to keep renewing the links between development and conservation are required for "community sustainable living." Remains is the political will to understand these provisions in favor of integration-Conservation Development. Experiments of this scheme would make a step, and then replicate it in other areas, with a view to sustainable development in the region.
- Affiliations
Citations
Vikanza, P. K. (2011). Aires protégées, espaces disputés et développement au Nord-est de la R D Congo. https://hdl.handle.net/2078.5/157817