In this work, a pattern synthesis method is presented for coupled antenna arrays via element rotation. The array is rigorously analyzed with a hybrid and full-wave analysis method based on the 3-D finite element method, modal analysis, generalized scattering matrix, and rotation and translation properties of spherical waves, including mutual coupling effects. The co- and cross-polar components are optimized by means of a gradient method, according to a specific cost function, via successive rotations of the elements.
Echeveste Guzman, J. I., Rubio, J., Gonzalez de Aza, M., & Craeye, C. (2017). Pattern synthesis of coupled antenna arrays via element rotation. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 16(2), 1707-1710. https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2017.2668397 (Original work published 2017)