Polycavernoside A is a secondary metabolite first isolated from the red algae Polycavernosa tsudai in 1991. This macrocyclic lactone was found to be responsible for severe food intoxication, often leading to death. However, due to its scarcity, its biological properties are yet poorly understood. Our group has been interested in the total synthesis of this natural compound for a few years, leading to the development of several methodologies. Our approach towards this interesting target involves a 4 fragment disconnection. During this thesis, three methodologies relying on the allylation of aldehydes or on an asymmetric aldol reaction allowed the preparation of the Northern fragment. A model of the Southern fragment was elaborated using the asymmetric ene-ISMS sequence, a methodology developed in the group. The coupling of these two units, based on the Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction, was also investigated.