We report the case of a 51 -year-old patient with a diagnosis of pure red cell aplasia. This observation reminds us to keep in mind this rare and difficult diagnosis in case of aregenerative isolated anemia and to search for associated diseases. Indeed, treatment of causal factor sometimes leads to healing of anemia. In case of primary pure red cell aplasia or refractory secondary, immunosuppressive treatment has to be considered. Nowadays, preference is given to Ciclosporin.