Inhibition of protein synthesis by streptogramins and related antibiotics.
(1997) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy — Vol. 39 Suppl A, p. 7-13 (1997)
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- The streptogramins and related antibiotics (the lincosamides and macrolides) (MLS) are important inhibitors of bacterial protein synthesis. The key reaction in this process is the formation of a peptide bond between the growing peptide chain (peptidyl-tRNA) linked to the P-site of the 50S ribosome and aminoacyl-tRNA linked to the A site. This reaction is catalysed by the peptidyl transferase catalytic centre of the 50S ribosome. Type A and B streptogramins in particular have been shown to block this reaction through the inhibition of substrate attachment to the A and P sites and inhibition of peptide chain elongation. Synergy between type A and B components results from conformational changes imposed upon the peptidyl transferase centre by type A compounds and by inhibition of both early and late stages of protein synthesis. The conformational change increases ribosomal affinity for type B streptogramins. Microbial resistance to the MLSB antibiotics is largely attributable to mutations of rRNA bases, producing conformational changes in the peptidyl transferase centre. This can result in resistance to a single inhibitor or to a group of antibiotics (MLSB). The activity of type A streptogramin is retained thus explaining the improved inhibitory action of the combined streptogramins against macrolide and lincosamide-resistant strains. However, the development of resistance to the streptogramins may be less of a problem because of the synergic effect of type A and B compounds which has also been demonstrated in strains resistant to MLSB i.e., high level resistance to the combined streptogramins is only likely when type A streptogramin resistance determinants are present along with type B streptogramin resistance determinants.
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Cocito, C., Di Giambattista, M., Nyssen, E., & Vannuffel, P. (1997). Inhibition of protein synthesis by streptogramins and related antibiotics. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 39 Suppl A, 7-13. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/39.suppl_1.7 (Original work published 1997)