During the interwar period, fertility dropped to very low levels in many western European countries, almost always below the replacement level but not much is known about this phenomenon. To bring new features, this paper focuses on family size in France and in Belgium for cohorts of women born between 1872 and 1931 (distinguishing women according to their marital status), revealing the important role of childlessness and small families in the strong decline in fertility. A particular focus is then placed on the timing of family formation revealing that the very low levels of fertility of the interwar period can be explained, at least in part, by a modification of the timing of fertility.
Brée, S., Eggerickx, T., & Sanderson, J.-P. (2017). Low fertility, childlessness and family changes in the half of the 20th century in France and Belgium. Quetelet, 5(1), 7-31. https://doi.org/10.14428/rqj2017.05.01.01 (Original work published 2017)