Wall-resolved LES of turbulent flow in a supersonic nozzle

Debroeyer, Romain;Toulorge, Thomas;Rasquin, Michel;Winckelmans, Grégoire;Bartosiewicz, Yann
(2021) 13th International ERCOFTAC symposium on engineering, turbulence, modelling and measurements (ETMM13) — Location: Rhodes, Greece (15.September.2021)

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The physical phenomena in supersonic ejectors, which know a growing interest in refrigeration and AC systems, are complex and must be studied through numerical simulations to complete experiments. Up to now, mostly Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations of such devices have been performed to investigate the link between local flow features and their overall operation. Even though some of these simulations recently allowed to unveil new physical explanations, the unsteady turbulent scales, responsible for the mixing of both streams within the ejector, can only be captured by high-fidelity scale-resolving simulations. As a first step towards such simulations, the three-dimensional wall-resolved Large Eddy Simulation (LES) of an optimally expanded supersonic nozzle was performed, using a periodic domain in the span-wise direction. This simulation was performed using a high-order Discontinuous Galerkin method, with third-order interpolation polynomials. In order to have the correct profile of the turbulent fluctuations, the nozzle is fed using a turbulent channel flow co-simulation. The present work studies the impact of the strong acceleration along the nozzle on the turbulence contained in the inflow, emphasizing the need to have the correct profile of turbulent quantities at the outlet of the primary nozzle of an ejector. Moreover, the relaminarization of the boundary layers was studied, showing the challenge it poses to perform affordable wall-resolved LES of such flows at practical Reynolds number and nozzle geometry. Another nozzle geometry, designed to maintain turbulent boundary layers in the whole nozzle, is studied; this case will be used as a benchmark for future wall-modeled LES.
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Debroeyer, R., Toulorge, T., Rasquin, M., Winckelmans, G., & Bartosiewicz, Y. (2021). Wall-resolved LES of turbulent flow in a supersonic nozzle. 13th International ERCOFTAC symposium on engineering, turbulence, modelling and measurements (ETMM13), Rhodes, Greece. https://hdl.handle.net/2078.5/29800