(en) Sir, Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) occurring following a neuroinfectious event is an uncommon event, representing a diagnostic challenge. Although NMDA-R antibodies can occur both in patients’ serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during the course of herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSE), their presence is not equivalent to the diagnostic of AE [1]. We present the case of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R) antibody-associated AE following HSE, an emerging clinical entity.[...]