We show how a strong capacitary inequality can be used to give a decomposition of any function in the Sobolev space \(W^{k,1} (\mathbb{R}^d)\) as the difference of two non-negative functions in the same space with control of their norms.
Ponce, A., & Daniel Spector. (2020). A decomposition by non-negative functions in the Sobolev space \(W^{k,1}\). Indiana University Mathematics Journal, 69(1), 151-169. https://hdl.handle.net/2078.5/268774 (Original work published 2020)