Alternative electron transports participate in the maintenance of violaxanthin de-epoxidase activity of Ulva sp. under low irradiance

Xie, Xiujun;Gu, Wenhui;Gao, Shan;Lu, Shan;Shen, Songdong;et.al.
(2013) PLoS One — Vol. 8, n° 11 (2013)

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Authors
  • Xie, Xiujunianjin Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Chemistry, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
    Author
  • Gu, WenhuiInstitute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
    Author
  • Gao, ShanInstitute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
    Author
  • Lu, ShanSchool of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
    Author
  • Li, JianUCLouvain
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  • Shen, SongdongCollege of Life Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Abstract
The xanthophyll cycle (Xc), which involves violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VDE) and the zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP), is one of the most rapid and efficient responses of plant and algae to high irradiance. High light intensity can activate VDE to convert violaxanthin (Vx) to zeaxanthin (Zx) via antheraxanthin (Ax). However, it remains unclear whether VDE remains active under low light or dark conditions when there is no significant accumulation of Ax and Zx, and if so, how the ΔpH required for activation of VDE is built. In this study, we used salicylaldoxime (SA) to inhibit ZEP activity in the intertidal macro-algae Ulva sp. (Ulvales, Chlorophyta) and then characterized VDE under low light and dark conditions with various metabolic inhibitors. With inhibition of ZEP by SA, VDE remained active under low light and dark conditions, as indicated by large accumulations of Ax and Zx at the expense of Vx. When PSII-mediated linear electron transport systems were completely inhibited by SA and DCMU, alternative electron transport systems (i.e., cyclic electron transport and chlororespiration) could maintain VDE activity. Furthermore, accumulations of Ax and Zx decreased significantly when SA, DCMU, or DBMIB together with an inhibitor of chlororespiration (i.e., propyl gallate (PG)) were applied to Ulva sp. This result suggests that chlororespiration not only participates in the build-up of the necessary DpH, but that it also possibly influences VDE activity indirectly by diminishing the oxygen level in the chloroplast. © 2013 Xie et al.
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Xie, X., Gu, W., Gao, S., Lu, S., Li, J., Pan, G., Wang, G., & Shen, S. (2013). Alternative electron transports participate in the maintenance of violaxanthin de-epoxidase activity of Ulva sp. under low irradiance. PLoS One, 8(11). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0078211 (Original work published 2013)