Therapeutic value of clofarabine in younger and middle aged (18 - 65 yrs) adults with newly diagnosed AML.
(2017) Blood — Vol. 129, n° 12, p. 1636-1645 (2017)
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- Clofarabine has demonstrated antileukemic activity in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) but has yet to be critically evaluated in younger adults in the frontline with standard chemotherapy. We compared two induction regimens in newly diagnosed patients aged 18-65 with AML/high risk MDS, i.e., idarubicine-cytarabine (cycle I) and amsacrine-cytarabine (cycle II) without or with clofarabine (10 mg/m(2) on days 1-5 of each of both cycles). Consolidation involved chemotherapy with or without hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Event free survival (EFS, primary endpoint) and other clinical endpoints and toxicities were assessed. 402 and 393 evaluable patients were randomized to the control or clofarabine induction treatment arms. Complete remission rates (89%) did not differ but were attained faster with clofarabine (66% versus 75% after cycle I). Clofarabine added grade III-IV toxicities, and delayed hematological recovery. At a median follow up of 36 months, the study reveals no differences in overall survival and EFS between the control (EFS 35% ±3 (SE) at 4 years) and clofarabine treatments (38% ±3) but a markedly reduced relapse rate (44% ± 3 versus 35% ± 3) in favor of clofarabine and an increased death probability in remission (15% ±2 versus 22% ±3). In the subgroup analyses, clofarabine improved OS and EFS for European-Leukemia-Net ELN 2010 Intermediate-I prognostic risk AML (EFS 26 % ±4 versus 40% ±5 at 4 years, Cox-P=0.002) and for the intermediate risk genotype NPM1wild type/FLT3 without internal-tandem-duplications (EFS 18% ±5 versus 40% ±7, Cox- P<0.001). Clofarabine improves survival in subsets of intermediate-risk AML only.
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Löwenberg, B., Pabst, T., Maertens, J., van Norden, Y., Biemond, B. J., Schouten, H. C., Spertini, O., Vellenga, E., Graux, C., Havelange, V., de Greef, G. E., de Weerdt, O., Legdeur, M.-C. J. C., Kuball, J., van Marwijk Kooy, M., Gjertsen, B. T., Jongen-Lavrencic, M., van de Loosdrecht, A. A., van Lammeren-Venema, D., et al. (2017). Therapeutic value of clofarabine in younger and middle aged (18 - 65 yrs) adults with newly diagnosed AML. Blood, 129(12), 1636-1645. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2016-10-740613 (Original work published 2017)