Carbon Redox-Polymer-Gel Hybrid Supercapacitors
(2015) 2015 MRS Fall Meeting & Exhibit — Location: Boston (USA) (29.November.2015)
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- Abstract
- Energy storage devices that provide high specific power without compromising on specific energy are highly desirable for many electric-powered applications. Low energy density stored by the double layer of electrolyte ions at the surface of conducting carbon electrodes limits their practical implementation to specialty applications. Oppositely, batteries can store large amounts of energy yet with limited power. In this contribution, we demonstrate that organic radical polymer-gel materials allow ultra-fast bulk-redox charge storage, commensurate to surface double layer ion exchange at carbon electrodes. When integrated with a carbon-based electrical double layer capacitor, nearly ideal electrode properties such as high electrical and ionic conductivity, fast bulk redox and surface charge storage as well as excellent cycling stability are attained. These hybrid carbon redox-polymer-gel electrodes support unprecedented discharge rate of 1,000C with 50% of the nominal capacity delivered in less than 2 seconds. Such extreme attributes are assigned to the intrinsic electrical conductivity, very fast redox reaction kinetics and high ionic conductivity within the electrolyte-swollen polymer matrix that spans through the entire composite electrode. The incorporation of high surface area carbon shows a double benefit: EDLC charge storage and electrical doping for enhanced charge collection. With minimal added manufacturing complexity, the hybrid electrode displays almost two-fold specific capacity and energy increase as compared to the pristine EDLC electrode, while capable to maintain equivalent contribution of both components to the delivered charge at loads in excess of 100 A/g. The versatility of the employed materials allows various devices fabrication schemes including symmetrical and Li-ion capacitors, the latter verging the energy density of Li-ion batteries. Such approaches are safer than conventional inorganic batteries because they use non-flammable and transition metal free electrode materials, are adaptable to wet fabrication processes, easily disposable, flexible and can be fabricated via "green" chemical processes. Devices made with these electrodes hold the potential for battery-scale energy storage while attaining supercapacitor-like power performances.
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Citations
Vlad, A., Singh, N., Melinte, S., Gohy, J.-F., & Ajayan, P. (2015). Carbon Redox-Polymer-Gel Hybrid Supercapacitors. Proceedings of the 2015 MRS Fall Meeting & Exhibit, p. 1. https://hdl.handle.net/2078.5/229905