The cause of childhood hearing impairment (excluding infectious pathology of the middle ear) can be extrinsic (embryofoetopathy, meningitis, trauma, drug ototoxicity, noise trauma, etc [...].
Jonard, L., Brotto, D., Moreno-Pelayo, M. A., Del Castillo, I., Kremer, H., Pennings, R., Caria, H., Fialho, G., Boudewyns, A., Van Camp, G., Ołdak, M., Oziębło, D., Deggouj, N., De Siati, R. D., Gasparini, P., Girotto, G., Verstreken, M., Dossena, S., Roesch, S., et al. (2023). Genetic Evaluation of Prelingual Hearing Impairment: Recommendations of an European Network for Genetic Hearing Impairment. Audiology Research, 13(3), 341-346. https://doi.org/10.3390/audiolres13030029 (Original work published 2023)