Defining Normative OCTA Vascular Density Values and AI-Based Vascular Ageing Models for Glaucoma Risk Assessment

Pourjavan, Sayeh
(2025)

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Authors
  • Pourjavan, SayehUCLouvain
    author
Supervisors
De Potter, Patrick
 ;
Boschi, Antonella
Abstract
This thesis focuses on establishing normative vascular density values using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in healthy subjects, evaluating their clinical relevance in the early detection and monitoring of glaucoma progression. Through a systematic assessment of peripapillary and macular vascular parameters, the study provides robust reference values essential for interpreting physiological variations associated with age, sex, and other risk factors. The work highlights the critical role of retinal vascularisation in the development and progression of glaucoma, a major neurodegenerative disease that remains challenging to diagnose at its earliest stages. By offering a detailed analysis of structural and vascular biomarkers, this thesis lays the foundation for a more personalized approach to risk stratification and patient care in glaucoma. Building upon these scientific foundations, the thesis proposes a conceptual framework for the future development of artificial intelligence (AI) models, such as GlauOCTA and GlauOCTA-AI, which are currently in the design phase. These models aim to predict glaucoma progression by detecting subtle vascular patterns that remain clinically invisible during the early stages of the disease, potentially allowing for earlier intervention. The study further addresses the ethical challenges associated with integrating AI in ophthalmology, including concerns about algorithmic bias, transparency, medical accountability, and the preservation of human clinical judgment. AI is positioned as a complementary tool intended to enhance, not replace, the expertise of clinicians. In conclusion, this research establishes the groundwork for the future development of AI-assisted glaucoma diagnostic tools based on vascular biomarkers, while advocating for a more ethical, proactive, and patient-centred approach to precision medicine in ophthalmology.
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Pourjavan, S. (2025). Defining Normative OCTA Vascular Density Values and AI-Based Vascular Ageing Models for Glaucoma Risk Assessment. https://hdl.handle.net/2078.5/246504