(en) The issue of water is now a major global challenge, from an environmental, economic, social and geopolitical point of view. While there is no shortage of water on a global scale, its geographical and temporal distribution is extremely uneven, particularly in terms of available freshwater per capita. It is estimated that a human being needs 1,800 m³ of fresh water per year (for direct or indirect use, to produce the goods and services consumed) to meet their basic and economic needs, but many regions of the world are far from reaching this threshold.
Climate change is exacerbating this pressure, with very concrete impacts at the regional level. Changes in precipitation patterns, rising temperatures and an increase in extreme events (droughts, floods) are already being observed, seriously disrupting the water cycle. For example, in the Thau basin in France, projections for 2070 predict a 10-15% decrease in rainfall, accompanied by a 2-4°C rise in temperatures. This type of scenario risks profoundly altering the balance of ecosystems and the human activities that depend on them.
Vanclooster, M. (2025). Evaluation des changements climatiques sur les fonctions hydrologiques à l’échelle régionale. The route of Cistercian abbeys in Europe. N9, Nov 2025. 7-8., 9, 7-8. https://hdl.handle.net/2078.5/246607 (Original work published 2025)