With autonomic dysfunction playing a crucial role in the occurrence of atrial fibrillation, the rational was there to explore the technique of auricular transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation as an adjunctive (cardio neuromodulatory) therapeutic approach for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. The primary objective of the present thesis was to assess the driving physiological mechanisms of auricular transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation on the autonomic nervous balance through heart rate variability and muscle sympathetic nerve activity, using a prototype hand-held device for electrical stimulation of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve. Then, the feasibility of the auricular transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation biotechnology with application in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation was experimented.