H2 molecules were ionized by Ti:sapphire (45 fs, 800 nm) and Nd-doped yttrium aluminum garnet lasers (6 ns, 1064 nm). The relative populations of the vibrational levels of the H+2 ions were determined and found to be concentrated in the lowest vibrational levels. Tunneling ionization calculations with exact field-modified potential curves reproduce the experimental results. The reason for the departure from conventional Franck-Condon-like distributions is the rapid variation of the ionization rate with internuclear distance.
Urbain, X., Fabre, B., Staicu-Casagrande, E. M., de Ruette, N., Andrianarijaona, V. M., Jureta, J., Posthumus, J. H., Saenz, A., Baldit, E., & Cornaggia, C. (2004). Intense-laser-field ionization of molecular hydrogen in the tunneling regime and its effect on the vibrational excitation of H2+. Physical Review Letters, 92(16), 163004. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.163004 (Original work published 2004)