(en) Civil conflict severely hampers economic development by destroying capital, displacing people, and reshaping social trust in complex ways. This thesis explores how political economy factors shape conflict dynamics in Sub-Saharan Africa. The first chapter evaluates the effectiveness of United Nations peacekeeping missions in reducing violence and fostering long-term peace from 1994 to 2020. The second chapter investigates how the abrupt reduction in U.S. funding for international peacekeeping in 2017 affected civil unrest in Sudan. The third chapter establishes a causal link between Uganda’s gold export boom (2016–2020) and rising violence in Eastern DRC via illicit gold trade. Amid a global rise in political violence and conflict, this thesis underscores the importance of understanding local political economies to design more effective interventions and peacebuilding strategies.