Four essays on Ecuador’s Deindustrialization address the central research question about how industrial policy in Ecuador has contributed to the economic growth’s sustainability over the past fifty years. The thesis employed a mixed-methods approach, combining both qualitative and quantitative analyzes. It drew upon tools from economic and business history, document analysis (including constitutional texts and national development plans), and sustainability impact assessments. Empirical methods included descriptive statistics and inferential analysis within a comparative framework that incorporates both Andean and Asian case studies. The thesis has a Management conviction as emphasizes the historical trajectory of enterprises within Ecuador’s public and private sectors. The thesis contributes to the theoretical, empirical, and operational aspects of Ecuador’s industrial policy. Theoretically, the thesis advocates for a pragmatic approach to Ecuadorian industrial policy, transcending both purist state-driven and market-driven perspectives. Empirically, the thesis presents multi-level evidence characterizing the deindustrialization process in Ecuador as ‘premature’. Operationally, the thesis offers specific frameworks to evaluate the structural impacts of trade agreements, as well as to analyze the multi-level aspects of ‘premature’ deindustrialization phenomena at macro, sectoral, and micro levels, including the connections among these levels.