Associations of urinary cadmium with age and urinary proteins: further evidence of physiological variations unrelated to metal accumulation and toxicity.
The current risk assessment for environmental cadmium (Cd) largely relies on the assumption that urinary Cd (U-Cd) is a reliable biomarker of the Cd body burden. Recent studies have questioned the validity of this assumption.
Chaumont, A., Voisin, C., Deumer, G., Haufroid, V., Annesi-Maesano, I., Roels, H., Thijs, L., Staessen, J., & Bernard, A. (2013). Associations of urinary cadmium with age and urinary proteins: further evidence of physiological variations unrelated to metal accumulation and toxicity. Environmental Health Perspectives, 121(9), 1047-1053. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1306607 (Original work published 2013)