Casalvecchio is located on a hilltop site (Casale Marittimo, Pisa, Lower Cecina Valley), overlooking the mouth of the Cecina river and Populonia in the south. Since the Orientalizing period, the whole district was controlled politically and economically by the urban aristocracies of Volterra/Velathri. Excavations and surveys were organized in the area during the 1960s but lacked scientific methods and documentation. A final interpretation appears anything but certain. Due to the sequence of events in the years between 1959/60 - 1998 and a lack of publication concerning the material found at Casalvecchio's “acropolis”, a clear understanding of the “late Etruscan” or “Hellenistic farm” could not be properly established. In 2013-2015, thanks to archival re- search, the analysis of archaeological materials found during the excavations of the 1960s allowed us to re -discoverCasalvecchio. Five different phases in the development of structures were defined: I: late 10th B.C. - early 9th B.C./ 9th B.C. – first half 8th B.C.??II: late 7th B.C. - late sixth B.C.III: late fourth B.C. - early first B.C.IV: second half first B.C. – Mid-second A.D.V: late third A.D. - fifth A.D. – Medieval period (?
Limina, V. (2015). “L’‘acropoli’ di Casalvecchio presso Casale Marittimo (PI): risultati da uno ‘scavo d’archivio’”. FOLD &R, 337, 25. https://hdl.handle.net/2078.5/101253 (Original work published 2015)