The Development and Validation of the Smell‐Qx Questionnaire, Based on a Systematic Review of the Literature and the COMET Initiative on the Development of Core Outcome Sets for Clinical Trials in Olfactory Disorders

Lechner, Matt; Fjaeldstad, Alexander; Rehman, Umar; Liu, Jacklyn; Boniface, David; Boardman, Jim; Boak, Duncan; Altundag, Aytug; Frasnelli, Johannes; Gane, Simon; Holbrook, Eric; Hsieh, Julien; Huart, Caroline; Konstantinidis, Iordanis; Landis, Basile N.; Lund, Valerie J.; Macchi, Alberto; Mori, Eri; Mueller, Christian; Mullol, Joaquim

doi:10.1002/alr.23604

The Development and Validation of the Smell‐Qx Questionnaire, Based on a Systematic Review of the Literature and the COMET Initiative on the Development of Core Outcome Sets for Clinical Trials in Olfactory Disorders

Lechner, Matt

;

Fjaeldstad, Alexander

;

Rehman, Umar

;

Liu, Jacklyn

;

Hummel, Thomas

;et.al.

(2025) International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology — Vol. 15, n° 9, p. 974-984 (2025)

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Authors

Lechner, Matt
Author
Fjaeldstad, Alexander
Author
Rehman, Umar
Author
Liu, Jacklyn
Author
Huart, CarolineUCLouvain
Author
Rombaux, PhilippeUCLouvain
Author
Hummel, Thomas
Author

Abstract

Results: TheSmell-Qxisan11-domaininstrument,withfivecoredomainsusedfortotalscorecalculation andsixhistory/qualityof-life domains for obtaining a comprehensive history. The validation study recruited 60 participants (32 patients with smell/taste disorders and 28 controls). Items showed acceptable to significant internal consistency (Cronbach’s α: 0.64–0.97) and test–retest reliability (ICC: 0.65–0.99, p < 0.001). The Smell-Qx was effective at distinguishing patients with smell and taste disorders from controls (t = 9.99, df = 58, p < 0.0001). Concurrent criterion validity was good with overall SATD-related quality of life (r = 0.43, p =0.015), as well as with the smell loss domain and overall smell TDI scores (r =−0.54, p = 0.011).

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Lechner, M., Fjaeldstad, A., Rehman, U., Liu, J., Boniface, D., Boardman, J., Boak, D., Altundag, A., Frasnelli, J., Gane, S., Holbrook, E., Hsieh, J., Huart, C., Konstantinidis, I., Landis, B. N., Lund, V. J., Macchi, A., Mori, E., Mueller, C., et al. (2025). The Development and Validation of the Smell‐Qx Questionnaire, Based on a Systematic Review of the Literature and the COMET Initiative on the Development of Core Outcome Sets for Clinical Trials in Olfactory Disorders. International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology, 15(9), 974-984. https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.23604 (Original work published 2025)