Female mice of inbred strain CBA do not reject syngeneic male skin grafts even though they mount a T-cell response against the male-specific HY antigen. We show that local immunostimulation performed by injecting cytokines and Toll-like receptor ligands in close vicinity to the graft causes rejection. We feel that this approach should be tested in tumor-bearing human patients in combination with antitumor vaccination. Relief of intratumor immunosuppression may increase considerably the fraction of patients who respond to vaccination directed against tumor antigens recognized by T cells.
Bourdeaux, C., Lurquin, C., Jacquemart, I., Lethé, B., Brasseur, F., van Baren, N., Baurain, J.-F., Dyson, J., Van Snick, J., Uyttenhove, C., & Boon, T. (2014). Local immunostimulation leading to rejection of accepted male skin grafts by female mice as a model for cancer immunotherapy. Proceedings of the National academy of sciences of the United States of America, 111(9), 3502-3507. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1401115111 (Original work published 2014)