La Cour de cassation belge à l'aune des rapports entre pouvoirs : de sa naissance dans le modèle classique de la séparation des pouvoirs à l'aube d'une extension de la fonction juridictionnelle (1832/1914-1936)
(2010)
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- Abstract
- (en) A gordian knot ties the judicial power to the political power : independant in the course of its duties, the judicial power depends on the legislative power regarding its organization and, to a large extent, on the executive power regarding its recruitement. This thesis reviews the implentation and the evolution of the constitutional and legal rules governing the functioning of the judicial power on the extended 19th century focusing on the first judicial juridiction : the Court of cassation. The analysis of the effectiveness of the norms sheds light on a distortion between the theory and the practice. In the legislative/judicial reports, the absence, on the extended 19th century, of laws on the conflicts or on the ministers criminal responsability tends to confer a feeling of incompleteness in front of the constituants’ work while the arrangements in terms of incompatibilities or pensioning of magistrates who became incompetent did not prevent the Court of cassation from presenting a marked political profile or the function enforcement, at all levels of juridiction, of unfit magistrates. In the judicial appointment, especially those of the counsellors of cassation, two practices limit the breathing space of the executive power : on the one hand, the existence of an unwritten principle of geographic balance between the counsellors and, on the other hand, the extended predominance of the Court in its sitting members recruitement that transforms its presentation right in « cooptation right ». Finally, the judicial power, through the case law of the Court of cassation limited from 1840 the extend of its competence towards the administration below what had been enabled by the Constitution. In 1920, the Court of cassation returned to its case law of the first times of the independance at the time the slutterings of the extension and specialisation of the juridictional process piped up. This process led each state power to be granted a juridiction controlling its enforcement of the laws, of the Constitution and, since the Le Ski judgement of the Court of cassation in 1971, of the supranational norms directly enforceable in internal law.
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Citations
Muller, F. (2010). La Cour de cassation belge à l’aune des rapports entre pouvoirs : de sa naissance dans le modèle classique de la séparation des pouvoirs à l’aube d’une extension de la fonction juridictionnelle (1832/1914-1936). https://hdl.handle.net/2078.5/94416