RFID systems suffer from different location-based attacks such as distance fraud, mafia fraud, and terrorist fraud. Among them mafia fraud is the most serious one as it can be mounted without the awareness of neither the reader nor the tag. In such an attack, the adversary acts as a man-in-themiddle who relays the signal between the two entities, possibly without knowing the specifications of the protocol used on the channel. Recently, distance bounding protocols measuring the round-trip times of messages exchanged between the reader and the tag have been designed to prevent this attack.
Kim, C. H., & Avoine, G. (2011). RFID distance bounding protocols with mixed challenges. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 11(5), 1818-1626. https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2011.030411.101158 (Original work published 2011)