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Storm surges pose significant risks to coastal regions worldwide, including the North Sea. However, accurately modeling storm surge dynamics in complex estu- arine environments, such as the Scheldt estuary, remains challenging. Conventional models of the land-sea continuum often apply atmospheric forcing data with spa- tial resolutions typically of the order of tens of kilometers and temporal resolution of a few hours, which may be insufficient for capturing the finer-scale processes of estuarine systems. In this study, we evaluate the impact of spatial and temporal resolution of atmospheric forcing on storm surge modeling in the Scheldt land-sea continuum. Atmospheric forcings were incorporated at varying spatial resolutions, ranging from 2 km to 30 km, and at temporal resolutions from 15 min to 6 h. Using a multiscale modeling approach, we assessed how these variations influenced the ac- curacy of the storm surge simulations. Our findings indicate that increasing spatial resolution significantly improved the accuracy of peak surge predictions in the es- tuarine areas, while finer temporal resolution further enhanced model performance only at the finest spatial resolution. The effect of temporal resolution diminishes as the spatial resolution becomes coarser. This suggests that spatial resolution plays a more critical role in improving storm surge forecasts for estuaries like the Scheldt. The timing of peak surges remained consistent across all configurations. Our study highlights the importance of incorporating high-resolution atmospheric forcing in storm surge models, especially in estuaries, to improve surge predictions and inform coastal risk management.
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Randresihaja, N. R., Hanert, E., & et al. (2024). Assessing the sensitivity of storm surge simulations to the atmospheric forcing resolution across the land-sea continuum. 21st International Workshop on Multi-scale Unstructured mesh numerical Modeling (IMUM), Louvain-La-Neuve. https://hdl.handle.net/2078.5/273753