Genitourinary Cancer
(2012) Side Effects of Medical Cancer Therapy: Prevention and Treatment — ISBN: [978-0-85729-786-0], 247-332, published
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- Abstract
- Genitourinary cancers represent 12.8 % of cancer in both sexes and 21.5 % in men, accounting for 7 % of cancer deaths in both sexes and 10.5 % in men. Prostate cancer and renal cell carcinoma share the characteristic of being largely chemoresistant, with the relative exception of taxanes docetaxel and cabazitaxel, which modestly increase overall survival in late-stage prostate cancer. Prostate cancer is primarily treated by hormonal therapy, either by androgen deprivation or antiandrogens, and renal cell carcinoma is nowadays treated with agents targeting survival and angiogenesis pathways, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) sorafenib, sunitinib, and pazopanib; antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) monoclonal antibody bevacizumab; and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors temsirolimus and everolimus. Neither hormone therapy nor targeted therapies eradicate prostate cancer and RCC but rather switch them to a more chronic state. This means that these treatments are prescribed chronically for an extended period of time. In such conditions, even the least bothersome side effect may profoundly alter the quality of life of patients. Ultimately, this is a threat to compliance and then to the chronic efficacy of these treatments. In addition, many of the side effects of these drugs often overlap with common chronic illnesses such as diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, heart failure, and osteoporosis. An exhaustive knowledge of these side effects, proper monitoring, and in-depth education of patients are key elements to secure the efficacy of these treatments.
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Citations
Tombal, B. (2012). Genitourinary Cancer. In Mario Dicato (ed.), Side Effects of Medical Cancer Therapy: Prevention and Treatment (pp. 247-332). Springer-Verlag GmbH, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/2078.5/163034