In this paper, we investigate the effect of cross-section variations in nanowire MUGFETs through 3D quantum simulations based on Non-Equilibrium Green’s Function (NEGF) formalism. We show that the effect of cross-section variations in a nanowire results in energy barriers in the conduction band that can be interpreted as a local increase of the bandgap. In narrow nanowires with a cross section of a few nanometers, this can strongly influence the current and the characteristics of the device. A small constriction resulting in a barrier of the order of a 0.1eV is shown to be an effective way to create a tunnel barrier that can be used to improve the on/off current ratio in ultra-scaled transistors.