(en) Exchange rate adjustments have not always produced the expected results. For example, it is not easy to explain why West-Germany's trade surplus has been growing until recently in spite of strong revaluations of the real exchange rate. Similarly, trade deficits in the United Kingdom and the United States were growing for a number of years during which time, the real exchange rate depreciated. These experiences are too pronounced and durable to be simply explained with a J-curve effect. In this paper some arguments are developed that may contribute to un understanding of such "perverse" phenomena.
Steinherr, A. (1978). Exchange Rate and Fiscal Policies with Less than Perfect Competition (Working Papers Institut des sciences économiques 7806). https://hdl.handle.net/2078.5/278747