Isatoribine, an agonist of TLR7, reduces plasma virus concentration in chronic hepatitis C infection.
(2005) Hepatology — Vol. 42, n° 3, p. 724-731 (2005)
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- Immune-based therapy is the mainstay treatment for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection but causes multiple side effects and achieves durable viral clearance in only approximately 50% of patients. Most new investigational anti-HCV compounds are direct-acting antivirals for which durability of response and risk of viral mutations and resistance are not yet known. Therefore, continuing discovery and development of new immune-based treatments is desirable. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pathogen recognition receptors that initiate the innate immune response. The responsiveness of HCV or other ongoing chronic systemic infections to treatment with a selective TLR agonist has not been reported. Isatoribine is a selective agonist of TLR7. In a proof-of-concept study, we found that once-daily 7-day treatment with intravenous isatoribine 800 mg caused a significant (P = .001) reduction of plasma HCV RNA (mean, -0.76; range, -2.85 to +0.21 log(10) units) in otherwise untreated patients (n = 12) who were chronically infected with HCV. Viral load reduction occurred in patients infected with genotype 1 as well as non-genotype 1 HCV. The reduction of viral load was correlated with induction of markers of a heightened immune antiviral state, including 2'-, 5'- oligoadenylate synthetase levels in whole blood. This treatment was well tolerated, with a low frequency of mild to moderate adverse events. In conclusion, systemic administration of the selective TLR7 agonist isatoribine resulted in dose-dependent changes in immunologic biomarkers and a statistically significant antiviral effect with relatively few and mild side effects.
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Horsmans, Y., Berg, T., Desager, J.-P., Mueller, T., Schott, E., Fletcher, S. P., Steffy, K. R., Bauman, L. A., Kerr, B. M., & Averett, D. R. (2005). Isatoribine, an agonist of TLR7, reduces plasma virus concentration in chronic hepatitis C infection. Hepatology, 42(3), 724-731. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.20839 (Original work published 2005)