Société et espace urbains au bas Moyen Age et au début de l'époque moderne : géomorphologie et sociotopographie de Namur du XIIIe au XVIe siècle
(2007)
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Details
- Authors
- Supervisors
- Sosson, Jean-Pierre
- Abstract
- The study of the space and the society to Namur at the end of the Middle Ages and at the beginning of modern period brings to light continuities and breaking points. The units of plan of the urban territory, included between the bridge of Meuse and the beltways which practically replaced the surrounding wall of the XVIIth century, were gradually organized in the Middle Ages. Their shape is the fruit of an adaptation to the physical geography. It is so fundamentally connected to the presence of institutional, economic and sometimes pre-existent poles, which direct it and force the development. The successive fortifications contribute to their fossilization and thus to their preservation. The changes intervened since sometimes upset the shape, but, especially, intensified the links which unite them by the drilling of new streets. Within the elite urban, the concept of functional town planning, present as of bottom Middle Ages, leaves an increasingly important place with an aesthetic design of the city which, according to the cultural model of XVIth century, combines increased safety and harmony of the landscape by the setting of a modern architecture. The methods of application are entrusted by it to the land courts and a qualified college of experts in construction for the whole of the urban spring. While taking care of the respect of the private law, these institutions testify to an interest shown for the control of water as well of suface as underground and overall for hygienic considerations guided by the local cultural reference frame. The "échevinage" of Namur plays a capital part to ensure the complementarity of the measurements taken in the public and deprived springs. The social groups adapt the space structure and are distributed there on the basis of hierarchy of the elements which make it up. The evolution of this distribution has feed-back effects on the statutory value of the districts concerned. As soon as documentation is sufficient to observe them, the members of the leading elite of the city and the merchants have a distinct preference for the major axes of the urbanization of left bank of Sambre. The core of origin of the city, between Sambre and Meuse, initially developed for its proximity of the residence of the count, the chapter serving the parish mother and the port, gradually loses its value with the eyes of the population, at the point to know an impoverishment of which the effects are still felt today street Notre-Dame. The commercial axis par excellence runs as of XIIIth-XIVth centuries of the bridge of Sambre to the Sainiau door. It constitutes the nerve centre of the economic activity and political of the city. The district around Saint-Aubain also has a great value with the eyes of the administrative and religious elites. At the interior of the perimeter defended by the enclosure of XIIIth century, intermediate spaces accomodate the socially less developed artisanal activity. This one is also spread in the peripheral districts, particularly in the Neuve Ville and its immediate surroundings. Because of particular characteristics and, sometimes, lawful constraints which result from this, the artisanal trades know as of XIIIth century of the phenomena either of concentration, or of dispersion on all the urban territory. The gathering in a district of several representatives of a trade is based on the obligatory use of a common infrastructure, on hygienic protection measures or the search for effects of economic complementarity. With low Middle Ages and the beginning of the modern period, the average distribution of the richness is tributary of this starter of functional specialization of the districts. The richest streets are also those which have the greatest statutory value with the eyes of the population. That does not mean that the poor are excluded from it, but only that they are less present there. The zones which accomodate them, most homogeneous, but socially so discredited, are not all in peripheries. The cartography of the richness is discontinuous. In second half of XVth century and in XVIth century, peripheral districts, in the Neuve Ville and in Buley, are doped economically by the arrival of the tra...
- Affiliations
Citations
Bodart, E. (2007). Société et espace urbains au bas Moyen Age et au début de l’époque moderne : géomorphologie et sociotopographie de Namur du XIIIe au XVIe siècle. https://hdl.handle.net/2078.5/75603