The extension of the adiabatic invariant theory to separatrix crossing has led to a good understanding of the captures into resonance modeled by a slowly varying one degree of freedom Hamiltonian system. However, in many applications the one degree of freedom system considered is only an approximation of a system with more degrees of freedom and one must consider that the separatrix is actually a stochastic layer. A simplified model of such a situation is investigated and leads to an estimation of the probability of capture into resonance and of the time scale of such a capture. These estimates are compared with a numerical experiment on the modulated standard mapping.
Henrard, J., & Henrard, M. (1991). Slow Crossing of a Stochastic Layer. Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena, 54(1-2), 135-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-2789(91)90113-N (Original work published 1991)