The velvet belly lantern shark (Etmopterus spinax) is a common deep-sea shark that has been used, in the recent years, as a model for experimental studies on physiological control of shark luminescence. These studies demonstrated that, unlike any other luminous organism, the luminescence of this shark was under a dual control of hormones and neurotransmitters (or neuromodulators). This paper, by making a short review of histological and pharmacological results from these studies, aims to propose a first model of luminescence control in E. spinax.
Claes, J., & Mallefet, J. (2011). Control of luminescence from lantern shark (Etmopterus spinax) photophores. Communicative & Integrative Biology, 4(3), 251-253. https://doi.org/10.4161/cib.4.3.14888 (Original work published 2011)