Executive Functions Deficits After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: The GREFEX Study.
(2016) Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation — Vol. 31, n° 3, p. E10-E20 (2016)
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- Abstract
- Objective: To assess the sensitivity of traditional neuropsychological tests and of a behavioral inventory of executive disorders in a large sample of patients with chronic severe traumatic brain injury. Methods: A total of 112 patients were compared with 780 healthy controls from a larger database. The GREFEX battery included 7 widely used tests and the Behavioral Dysexecutive Syndrome Inventory (proxy rating). A previously described statistical methodology was used, controlling for age, education, and gender. Summary scores were computed and performance was dichotomized on the basis of 5th percentile cutoffs from controls' z scores. Results: The frequency of cognitive impairment was high (55.4%) but lower than that of behavioral changes (81.5%). Double dissociations were observed between cognitive and behavioral assessments. Behavioral changes exhibited larger effect-sizes as compared with cognitive impairments. Logistic regression analysis showed that 3 cognitive tests (verbal fluency, Stroop reading, and Trail Making Test-B) and 3 behavior z scores (hypoactivity, anticipation, and hyperactivity) best discriminated patients from controls. Conclusion: Behavioral changes were more frequent and severe than cognitive deficits, at least as assessed with traditional testing. The present results also suggest that a shortened battery may provide a rapid screening method with reasonable sensitivity to detect deficits of executive functions in patients with severe traumatic brain injury
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Azouvi, P., Vallat-Azouvi, C., Joseph, P.-A., Meulemans, T., Bertola, C., Le Gall, D., Bellmann, A., Roussel, M., Coyette, F., Krier, M., Franconie, C., Bindschadler, C., Diouf, M., Godefroy, O., & GREFEX Study Group (Groupe de Réflexion sur lʼEvaluation des Fonctions Exécutives). (2016). Executive Functions Deficits After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: The GREFEX Study. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 31(3), E10-E20. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000169 (Original work published 2016)