Migrations internationales, transferts des migrants et conditions de vie des ménages d'origine : cas de la ville de Kinshasa
(2011)
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- (en) The aim of this thesis is to study the dynamics between Congolese migrants and their households of origin. This dynamics is studied in two precise moments of the migration process: at the time of departure in migration and during the stay of migrants abroad. Clearly, we study the implication of the households of origin in the migration process of their members, through various helps and others assistances they bring them, as well as, the participation of migrants to economic survival of theirs households, through remittances. The main hypotheses postulate that many households would be involved to the migration process of their member. They postulate also a very narrow link between helps provided by households and the remittances’ behaviour of migrants, at the one hand, and the probability to receive remittances for households, at the other. Moreover, the remittances’ behaviour of migrants and the probability to receive remittances of the households would be different according to the continent of residence of migrants. Similarly, they would not obey to the same motivations. Finally, the households receiving remittances would enjoy better living conditions than those who do not. The data used in this thesis come from MAFE1-DRC conducted in Kinshasa between July and August 2007 as part of a research project called “Crise économique et migrations internationales à Kinshasa”. This project is a part of a vast international research program called FSP-74 “Migrations internationales, recompositions territoriales et développement dans les pays du Sud”. The program was funded by French Ministry of Foreign Affairs through Ceped . A representative sample of 945 households was selected and interviewed in Kinshasa, the capital city of DR Congo. Three main analyse methods were used: binomial logistic regression, to study the probability to transfer/receive remittances; tobit regression model, to study the determinants of amount transferred/received and the ordinal logistic regression, to study the probability of households to enjoy better living conditions. In the term of analyses, the following results were observed: The majority of migrants received helps from their households of origin at the time of their departure in migration. Moreover, almost all households participated in the migration of their members. So, the helps provided by households determine widely both the remittances’ behaviour of migrants and the probability to receive remittances by households. All the migrants who have been helped, in one way or other, both at the time of migration or before, are also more likely to remit. The probability to remit or to receive remittances and the amounts remitted or received are as higher than migrants live out of Africa. Moreover, even if migrants’ remittances respond to helps received from households, in other circumstances, the remittances’ behaviour of migrants obeys to other considerations. For instance, for migrants who live in Africa, the probability to remit is independent of helps from households. This behaviour would be closer to altruistic motivation about which speak Lucas and Stark (1985). In addition of households who provided helps to their migrants, remittances are also directed to households presenting evidence of vulnerability (households headed by women, by elderly, by unemployed, by retired, etc.). In short, all the factors directly related to migration are also strongly linked to the probability to enjoy better living conditions by households.
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Mangalu Mobhe, A. J. (2011). Migrations internationales, transferts des migrants et conditions de vie des ménages d’origine : cas de la ville de Kinshasa. https://hdl.handle.net/2078.5/38447