Since its foundation in 1928, the Muslim Brotherhood has advocated a holistic vision of Islam as being both a political ideology and a social doctrine. This vision is now also propagated in Europe, where members and sympathizers of the Brotherhood form a largely informal but nevertheless quite influential movement. The author argues that the Muslim Brotherhood in Europe, while encouraging citizenship and integration within European societies, still promotes the totalizing discourse of the days of Hassan al-Banna.
Maréchal, B. (2008). Universal Aspirations - The Muslim Brotherhood In Europe. ISIM Review, Autumn 2008(22), 36-37. https://hdl.handle.net/2078.5/94652 (Original work published 2008)