On the world economy and international migration
(2009)
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- Abstract
- (en) This thesis aims at exploring different economic implications of international migration. Its first chapter is devoted to the description of a calibrated model of the world economy, which shows the importance of taking into account international capital mobility between world regions. In a context of global aging, demographic differences among regions could result in increased trade trough international capital movements that might improve economic outcomes compared to a situation of financial autarky. This chapter sets a path for a migration analysis within a world model. The second chapter investigates the impact of immigration on the sustainability of pension systems in North-America and Western Europe. It is found that increased immigration yields only small fiscal gains and that both a selective, with a majority of high-skilled immigrants, and a non-selective immigration policy, with a majority of low-skilled immigrants, induce similar tax cuts. The third chapter assesses the implications of various direct and indirect effects of high-skilled emigration on migrants' sending regions. It reconfirms the important role of remittances in raising the income of those left behind. Moreover, a high-skilled diaspora may greatly benefit domestic production by reducing information-related risks and bringing in more foreign direct investments, while the so-called ``brain gain" effect acts to reduce the income disparity between workers of different skills. Chapter four analyzes the link between climate change and international migration. A two-country model with endogenous climate change is employed, in which the production in the North generates climate change which negatively affects the productivity of the South. The main findings are that climate change will increase migration and that small impacts of climate change have significant impacts on the number of migrants. Finally, chapter five studies how high- and low- skilled migration affect fertility and human capital in migrants' origin countries. It is found that, within a theoretical model, a brain drain induces parents to have more high- and less low-educated children. Under specific conditions, fertility may either rise or decline due to a brain drain.
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Citations
Marchiori, L. (2009). On the world economy and international migration. https://hdl.handle.net/2078.5/128500