Presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in waste waters, Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

De Boeck, H;Lunguya, O;Muyembe, J-J;Glupczynski, Gerald;Jacobs, J
(2012) European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases : an international journal on pathogenesis, diagnosis, epidemiology, therapy, and prevention of infectious diseases — Vol. 31, n° 11, p. 3085-3088 (2012)

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Authors
  • De Boeck, H
    Author
  • Lunguya, O
    Author
  • Muyembe, J-J
    Author
  • Glupczynski, GeraldUCLouvain
    Author
  • Jacobs, J
    Author
Abstract
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae are a major public health concern. We previously demonstrated the presence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in sachet-packaged water bags sold in Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo. In complement to the previous study, we aimed to assess the presence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in waste waters in Kinshasa.Enterobacteriaceae isolates recovered from environmental water samples were screened and phenotypically confirmed as ESBL-producers by disk diffusion according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines (CLSI M100-S21). Final identification to the species level and further antimicrobial susceptibility testing were carried out with MicroScan® NBC42 panels and the identification of bla (ESBL) coding genes was performed by a commercial multiplex ligation polymerase chain reaction (PCR) microarray (Check-Points CT 101, Wageningen, the Netherlands). Overall, 194 non-duplicate Enterobacteriaceae were recovered from several sewer and river sites in nine out of 24 municipalities of Kinshasa. Fourteen isolates (7.4 %) were confirmed as ESBL-producers, the main species being Enterobacter cloacae (46.6 %) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (40.0 %). Associated resistance to both aminoglycoside and fluoroquinolone antibiotics was observed in ten isolates; the remaining isolates showed co-resistance to either fluoroquinolone (n = 3) or to aminoglycoside (n = 1) alone. All but one isolate carried bla (CTX-M) genes belonging to the CTX-M-1 group. ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae are increasingly being reported from various sources in the community. The present results suggest that ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae are widespread in the environment in the community of Kinshasa. Cities in Central Africa should be added to the map of potentially ESBL-contaminated environments and highlight the need to reinforce safe water supply and public sanitation.
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De Boeck, H., Lunguya, O., Muyembe, J.-J., Glupczynski, G., & Jacobs, J. (2012). Presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in waste waters, Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases : an international journal on pathogenesis, diagnosis, epidemiology, therapy, and prevention of infectious diseases, 31(11), 3085-3088. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-012-1669-8 (Original work published 2012)