(en) Randomized control trials consist in randomly assigning, in an eligible population, a group of beneficiaries participating in a program and a control group that does not participate. Under certain conditions, all of the differences found between the two groups can be interpreted as the causal effect of the program. This method, which represents a real advance compared to non-experimental evaluations, has been applied to a large number of policies implemented in developing countries. Some general lessons have been drawn in some areas such as, for example, the very high price elasticity for preventive health products, the limited impact of policies improving access to capital on poverty alleviation or the importance of choosing effective incentives to improve teacher attendance in schools.
Parienté, W. (2016). Impact des politiques de développement : enseignements des évaluations aléatoires. Reflets et perspectives de la vie économique, LV(1), 105-116. https://doi.org/10.3917/rpve.551.0105 (Original work published 2016)