As a result of mutual coupling, the embedded element patterns of non-regular arrays are all different. It is known that, with the help of Macro Basis Functions, array patterns can be written as a finite series of pattern multiplication problems. However, for the very large arrays envisaged in SKA AA-lo, this still leads to a prohibitive number of calibration coefficients. Two elements may help in this respect: (i) the setting of main lobe and first few sidelobes as a priority for calibration and (ii) the orthogonalization of patterns of MBFs. Examples are shown for arrays of wideband dipoles and of bowtie antennas. The issue of relative shift-independence of the different array factors upon scanning is also analyzed.
Craeye, C., Gonzalez Ovejero, D., Razavi-Ghods, N., & De Lera Acedo, E. (2012). A projection approach to model the main beam of non-regular arrays in presence of mutual coupling. 6th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP 2012, Prague. https://hdl.handle.net/2078.5/161648