The short history of the alter-globalization movement can be divided into four periods. (1) In the mid-1990s, reflected a proliferation of local and national protests against neoliberal policies, in every region of the world. (2) The first World Social Forum at Porto Alegre in 2001 marks the beginning of a new phase with hundreds of social forums were organized at the local, national, continental and global levels. (3) After 2005, paradoxically, the alter-globalization movement seemed to be facing difficulties at the very time when neoliberal ideology was more frequently being questioned. (4) Since 2011, a global wave of movements has questionned and partly renewed the alter-globalization movement.
Pleyers, G. (2013). A brief history of the alter-globalization movement. Books and ideas, 16 juin (2013). https://hdl.handle.net/2078.5/29599 (Original work published 2013)