The structure and mechanical properties of 3 wt.% Mn ferritic dual-phase steels were examined as a function of heat treatment. Because of the high manganese content, these alloys can be prepared easily even by a simple air cooling and they show a fine dispersion of martensite phase which leads to higher tensile strength and good ductility. The addition of a small amount of silicon gives beneficial effects: the tensile strength further increases without a significant loss of ductility.
Terao, H. (1986). Structure and mechanical properties of high-manganese dual-phase steels. Journal of Materials Science, 21(5), 1715-1720. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01114730 (Original work published 1986)