The use of electrochemical techniques related to the investigation of multivalent species in molten oxide melts has been discussed. Because important oxoacidobasic perturbations can occur at the electrode surface during the electrochemical reactions of oxocomplexes, only techniques characterized by a negligible electrolysis, such as Normal Pulse Voltammetry, Differential Normal Pulse Voltammetry in the Alternating Pulse Mode and the Repetitive Multi-Pulse Chronoamperometry, are suitable to be applied to such very viscous melts. In this work, the analysis and the comparison of various electroanalytical techniques are grounded on experimental parameters especially defined in that purpose.
Tilquin, JY., Glibert, J., & Claes, P. (1993). Qualitative and Quantitative Electrochemical Studies of Multivalent Elements in Molten Oxide Glasses. Electrochimica Acta, 38(4), 479-486. https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(93)85002-G (Original work published 1993)