Costs of dispersal
(2012) Biological Reviews — Vol. 87, n° 2, p. 290-312 (2012)
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- Abstract
- Dispersal costs can be classified into energetic, time, risk and opportunity costs and may be levied directly or deferred during departure, transfer and settlement. They may equally be incurred during life stages before the actual dispersal event through investments in special morphologies. Because costs will eventually determine the performance of dispersing individuals and the evolution of dispersal, we here provide an extensive review on the different cost types that occur during dispersal in a wide array of organisms, ranging from micro-organisms to plants, invertebrates and vertebrates. In general, costs of transfer have been more widely documented in actively dispersing organisms, in contrast to a greater focus on costs during departure and settlement in plants and animals with a passive transfer phase. Costs related to the development of specific dispersal attributes appear to be much more prominent than previously accepted. Because costs induce trade-offs, they give rise to covariation between dispersal and other life-history traits at different scales of organismal organisation. The consequences of (i) the presence and magnitude of different costs during different phases of the dispersal process, and (ii) their internal organisation through covariation with other life-history traits, are synthesised with respect to potential consequences for species conservation and the need for development of a new generation of spatial simulation models. © 2011 The Authors. Biological Reviews © 2011 Cambridge Philosophical Society.
- Affiliations
Ghent University, Belgium Dept. Biology NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology,UK Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Brunoy, France Département Ecologie et Gestion de la Biodiversité University of Helsinki, Finland Metapopulation Research Group, Department of Biosciences University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium Evolutionary Ecology Group, Department of Biology University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK School of Biological Sciences Université de liége, Liége, Belgium F.R.S.-FNRS, Unité de Biologie du Comportement Station d’Ecologie Expérimentale du CNRS a Moulis, France UMR 7204 MNHN/CNRS/UPMC University of Wuerzburg, Rauhenebrach, Germany University of Leeds, Leeds, UK Faculty of Biological Sciences Station d’Ecologie Expérimentale du CNRS a Moulis, Saint-Girons, France University of York, York,UK Department of Biology University of Helsinki, Finland Laboratory of ecological and evolutionary dynamics, Department of Biosciences University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK School of Biological Sciences
Citations
Bonte, D., Van Dyck, H., Bullock, J. M., Coulon, A., Delgado, M., Gibbs, M., Lehouck, V., Matthysen, E., Mustin, K., Saastamoinen, M., Schtickzelle, N., Stevens, V. M., Vandewoestijne, S., Baguette, M., Barton, K., Benton, T. G., Chaput-Bardy, A., Clobert, J., Dytham, C., et al. (2012). Costs of dispersal. Biological Reviews, 87(2), 290-312. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185X.2011.00201.x (Original work published 2012)