Aménagement étatique, gestion sociale de l'eau et dynamiques institutionnelles dans la PMH au Maroc : réflexions à partir du cas du Ghiss
(2006)
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- Authors
- Supervisors
- Mathieu, Paul
- Abstract
- In Morocco, since the 60's, the management of hydraulics in agriculture has been an outstanding concern for the State. Characterized by a strong involvement of the public sector this management was rather concentrated on the modern sector of large-scale hydraulics (GH). However, in the framework of the evolution of the Structural Adjustment Programmes, the management system of irrigated agriculture has been fundamentally changed for two decades. This is mainly due to the redefinition of the role of the State in the irrigation management. Within this new orientation a particular attention is paid to the traditional sector of small and medium-scale hydraulics (PMH). One of the main consequences of this institutional reform is the emergence of Users Association of Agricultural Water. (Associations des Usagers des Eaux Agricoles - AUEA). This new institution that operates in a renovated framework with the existing informal structures has encountered some difficulties to achieve its mission. This empirical research attempts to give a better understanding of the dynamics of local water management institutions. It has been realised through crossed analyses in which a set of disciplines converge to analyse irrigation management. It describes through an historical approach, throughout a long time, the development process of irrigation in Morocco, identify its origin, its implicit and explicit objectives and shows, as completely as possible, the context of each hydro-agricultural policy implementation. The analysis is focused on the Ghiss perimeter of the North of Morocco which, by its geographic situation, its history, its complex diversity of water management systems, its multiple technics of mobilization and harnessing of the hycrid ressource, its different ways of managing the irrigation system, its users belonging to different social groups and the increasing divergence of local actors strategies etc. represents an interesting case study of social management of water. The actors role allows us to analyse the evolution of the institutions linked to water management. The perpetuation of local actors despite the domination attempts of national (the State and its structures) and supranational (FAO, and aid donors) actors highlight the ability to resist of the first ones. These local answers emphasize the ability of these actors to initiate changes that fit local expectations while preserving the knowledge and experience gained in the past. Meanwhile, they also try to adapt to the possibilities offered by the current changes. The role that should be devoted to the State in these initiatives is questioned. We support a facilitating and negotiating role for the State rather than an entrepreneurial and administrative one. We have in this regard chosen to use the new concept of the "positive indifference of the State". The qualitative information collected as well as the theoretical model have been used for a prospective exercise. This enables to highlight the existence of different factors that might lead to a failure of the institutional transition. Some measures that would limit this risk are recommended.
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Citations
Benali, A. (2006). Aménagement étatique, gestion sociale de l’eau et dynamiques institutionnelles dans la PMH au Maroc : réflexions à partir du cas du Ghiss. https://hdl.handle.net/2078.5/80740