Sequential quantitative analysis and mapping of the bone marrow with magnetic resonance
(1997)
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- Authors
- Supervisors
- Maldague, Baudouin
- Abstract
- 1. Introduction <BR> From bone to bone marrow imaging <BR> Although inert in appearance, bone is a dynamic organ composed of a highly differentiated connective tissue arranged in a complex manner. It provides a bundle of functions, including calcium and phosphorus homeostasis, weight-bearing, mechanical support to the action of muscles, tendons and ligaments, blood formation, immunity and coagulation. <BR> Considered as an organ, bone is composed of a mineralized substance, -the cortical and trabecular network-, and of a live tissue which consists of a vascular network, an osteogenic mesenchyma and a medullary mesenchyma. <BR> Over many years, ionizing imaging techniques including radiography, computed tomography and bone scan have contributed greatly to the understanding of the alterations that can involve the mineral component of bone. Any radiographic image of bone indeed reflects the balance between osteoclastic activity (bon resorption) and osteoblastic activity §bone formation-, which in normal conditions is mainly under the control conditions is mainly under the control of mechanical and metabolic factors. In abnormal conditions, the global pool of bone is modified by multiple factors which alter the balanced activity of the osteoclast/osteoblast functional unit. <BR> Over the last decade, the development of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has given a major impulse to musculoskeletal radiology. Although less sensitive to the mineral organisation of bones, MR imaging provides information on the tissues which either surround the bones (muscles, tendons, ligaments, cartilage) or fill in their medullary cavity (bone marrow). An MR image of bone thus reflects more the content than the mineral architecture of this bone. <BR> the understanding of the bone marrow as an organ has lagged far behind that of bone marrow cell constituents, including membrane markers and cytogenetics. <BR> The current thesis aims at addressing the potentialities of quantitative analysis of the bone marrow with MR imaging to provide insights into bone marrow anatomy and patho-physiology in normal and abnormal conditions. <BR> The human bone marrow <BR> Bone marrow occupies approximately 85 per cent of the medullary bone cavities, the rest being occupied by a network of trabecular bone. On gross examination, bone marrow may be red (owing to the haemoglobin of the erythrocytes and their precursors), indicating active hematopoietic marrow. It may also be yellow due to the presence of carotenoid derivatives dissolved in fat droplets from adipocytes. <BR>Approximately, one half of adult bone marrow volume is yellow marrow, located mainly in the appendicular skeleton. The other half of adult bone marrow is red marrow, which contains approximately 60% hematopoietic tissue and 40% of fat tissue. Red marrow in adults is located in the axial skeleton and the proximal aspects of the limb <BR> […]
- Affiliations
Citations
Vande Berg, B. (1997). Sequential quantitative analysis and mapping of the bone marrow with magnetic resonance. https://hdl.handle.net/2078.5/111386